PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.